Respiratory gas transport, metabolic status, and locomotor capacity of the Christmas Island red crabGecarcoidea natalis assessed in the field with respect to dichotomous seasonal activity levels

2000 ◽  
Vol 286 (6) ◽  
pp. 552-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka M. Adamczewska ◽  
Stephen Morris
Keyword(s):  
Gas Transport ◽  
Metabolic Status ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Christmas Island ◽  
Locomotor Capacity

EXERCISE IN THE TERRESTRIAL CHRISTMAS ISLAND RED CRAB GECARCOIDEA NATALIS - BLOOD GAS TRANSPORT

1994 ◽  
Vol 188 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Adamczewska ◽  
S Morris
Keyword(s):  
Gas Transport ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Christmas Island ◽  
Exercise Period ◽  
Gas Measurements ◽  
Gecarcoidea Natalis ◽  
O2 Delivery

The respiratory and circulatory physiology of the terrestrial Christmas Island red crab Gecarcoidea natalis was investigated with respect to exercise in the context of its annual breeding migration. Red crabs were allowed to walk for predetermined periods of up to 45 min. During this exercise period, blood gas measurements were made on venous, pulmonary and arterial samples to assess the function of the lungs in gas exchange and the performance of the circulatory system in gas transport and to determine the role and importance of the haemocyanin. The lungs of G. natalis were very efficient at O2 uptake, pulmonary blood being 80­90 % saturated throughout the 45 min exercise period. The maximum O2-carrying capacity was 1.1 mmol l-1, and haemocyanin (Hc) delivered 86 % of oxygen in resting crabs and 97 % during exercise. Oxygen delivery to the tissues was diffusion-limited during exercise. Indirect evidence, from the changes in haemolymph pH during transit through the lungs, suggested that the lung is the site of CO2 excretion. The Bohr shift was high at high pH (pH 7.8­7.5, phi=-1.23) but decreased at low pH (pH 7.1­6.8, phi=-0.48). The decreased Hc affinity for O2 during the exercise period facilitated O2 delivery to the tissues without impairing O2 loading at the lungs. The decrease in pH was sufficient to explain the change of affinity of Hc for O2 during the exercise period. The marked acidosis (0.8 pH unit decrease) was largely metabolic in origin, especially during sustained locomotion, but less than could be predicted from concomitant lactate production.

Seasonal Activity Patterns of Two Species of Nyctophilus Bats Based on Mist-Net Captures.

1998 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
R.M. Brigham ◽  
F. Geiser
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Activity Cycle ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Daily Torpor ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
Annual Activity ◽  
A Site ◽  
Mist Net

We evaluated the annual activity cycle of Nytophilus gouldi and N. geoffroyi using 82 nights of mist-netting data from a site near Armidale in northern NSW. Our purpose was to assess whether these bats hibernated or used short bouts of daily torpor combined with foraging on at least some nights. During the cold months of the year (May - August) bat activity levels inferred from net captures was very low providing support for the hypothesis that these bats use daily torpor and at least sometimes actively forage as opposed to entering hibernation.

Different Relationship Between Physical Activity, Arterial Stiffness, and Metabolic Status in Obese Subjects

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 716-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyung Joon Joo ◽  
Sang-A Cho ◽  
Jae-Young Cho ◽  
Seunghun Lee ◽  
Jae Hyung Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Status ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Obese Subjects

Background:Although the relationship between physical activity and arterial stiffness has been shown in healthy persons, it remains controversial in obese persons.Methods:From January 2014 to September 2014, we evaluated 795 obese subjects from 25 public health centers in Seoul, Korea. We compared physical activity and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) between obese subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS) (MO) and obese subjects without MetS (NMO).Results:The MO group had more men, higher body mass index (BMI), higher fasting glucose level, lower high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level, and higher triglyceride level. The mean physical activity levels were similar between the 2 groups. baPWV was higher in the MO group than the NMO group. MO group showed positive correlation between baPWV and physical activity (Ptrend = 0.04). Interestingly, baPWV was significantly higher in the MO group than in the NMO group in subjects with moderate and vigorous physical activity (1403.4 cm/sec vs 1349 cm/sec [95% CI 21.4 to 87.4], P < .05). Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity was apparently associated with age, BMI, blood pressure, and glucose level.Conclusions:In a community-based population, baPWV was higher in obese MetS group compared with obese non-MetS group. Physical activity showed different association with baPWV depending on metabolic status.

scholarly journals Seasonal activity levels of a farm-island population of striated caracaras (Phalcoboenus australis) in the Falkland Islands

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie J. Harrington ◽  
James A. Fahlbusch ◽  
Roland Langrock ◽  
Jean-François Therrien ◽  
Jennifer L. Houtz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Falkland Islands ◽  
Island Population ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Phalcoboenus Australis

scholarly journals Anemone bleaching increases the metabolic demands of symbiont anemonefish

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1876) ◽  
pp. 20180282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy Norin ◽  
Suzanne C. Mills ◽  
Amélie Crespel ◽  
Daphne Cortese ◽  
Shaun S. Killen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Algal Symbionts ◽  
Heteractis Magnifica ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Locomotor Capacity

Increased ocean temperatures are causing mass bleaching of anemones and corals in the tropics worldwide. While such heat-induced loss of algal symbionts (zooxanthellae) directly affects anemones and corals physiologically, this damage may also cascade on to other animal symbionts. Metabolic rate is an integrative physiological trait shown to relate to various aspects of organismal performance, behaviour and locomotor capacity, and also shows plasticity during exposure to acute and chronic stressors. As climate warming is expected to affect the physiology, behaviour and life history of animals, including ectotherms such as fish, we measured if residing in bleached versus unbleached sea anemones ( Heteractis magnifica ) affected the standard (i.e. baseline) metabolic rate and behaviour (activity) of juvenile orange-fin anemonefish ( Amphiprion chrysopterus ) . Metabolic rate was estimated from rates of oxygen uptake , and the standard metabolic rate of anemonefish from bleached anemones was significantly higher by 8.2% compared with that of fish residing in unbleached anemones, possibly due to increased stress levels. Activity levels did not differ between fish from bleached and unbleached anemones. As reflects the minimum cost of living, the increased metabolic demands may contribute to the negative impacts of bleaching on important anemonefish life history and fitness traits observed previously (e.g. reduced spawning frequency and lower fecundity).

scholarly journals Daily and seasonal activity patterns of free range South-American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus)

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 1047-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXANDRO M. TOZETTI ◽  
MARCIO MARTINS
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
South America ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
South American ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Radio Tracking ◽  
Crotalus Durissus

This study aimed at describing daily and seasonal variation in the activity of a population of South-American rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus) in a savanna like habitat (Cerrado) in Southeastern Brazil. Seasonal and daily activities of snakes were evaluated by the number of captures of snakes during road surveys, accidental encounters, and relocations by radio-tracking. Our results show that climatic variables such as air temperature and rainfall have little influence on the activity pattern of rattlesnakes. Our findings indicate that rattlesnakes spend most of the day resting and most of the night in ambush posture. The South-American rattlesnake is active throughout the year with a discrete peak in activity of males during the matting season. The possibility of maintaining activity levels even during the coldest and driest season can facilitate the colonization of several habitats in South America. This possibility currently facilitates the colonization of deforested areas by rattlesnakes.

Abstract #1103 Metabolic Status Configuration in Patients with and Without Chronic Autommune Thyroiditis

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 274-275
Author(s):  
Adina Ghemigian ◽  
Nicoleta Dumitru ◽  
Mara Carsote ◽  
Eugeniya Nedeltcheva Petrova ◽  
Andra Cocolos
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Status

Improvement of cytoprotective and antioxidant activity of Rosa canina L. and Salix alba L. by controlled differential sieving process against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in mouse primary splenocytes

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhal Soualeh ◽  
Aliçia Stiévenard ◽  
Elie Baudelaire ◽  
Rachid Soulimani ◽  
Jaouad Bouayed
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Salix Alba ◽  
Rosa Canina ◽  
Free Process ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Sieving Process

Abstract. In this study, cytoprotective and antioxidant activities of Rosa canina (RC) and Salix alba (SA), medicinal plants, were studied on mouse primary splenocytes by comparing Controlled Differential Sieving process (CDSp), which is a novel green solvent-free process, versus a conventional technique, employing hydroethanolic extraction (HEE). Thus, preventive antioxidant activity of three plant powders of homogeneous particle sizes, 50–100 µm, 100–180 µm and 180–315 µm, dissolved directly in the cellular buffer, were compared to those of hydroethanolic (HE) extract, at 2 concentrations (250 and 500 µg/mL) in H2O2-treated spleen cells. Overall, compared to HE extract, the superfine powders, i. e., fractions < 180 µm, at the lowest concentration, resulted in greater reactive oxygen species (ROS) elimination, increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) production. Better antioxidant and preventive effects in pre-treated cells were found with the superfine powders for SA (i. e., 50–100 µm and 100–180 µm, both p < 0.001), and with the intermediate powder for RC (i. e., 100–180 µm, p < 0.05) versus HE extract. The activity levels of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in pretreated splenocytes exposed to H2O2, albeit reduced, were near to those in unexposed cells, suggesting that pretreatment with the fine powders has relatively restored the normal levels of antioxidant-related enzymes. These findings supported that CDSp improved the biological activities of plants, avoiding the use of organic solvents and thus it could be a good alternative to conventional extraction techniques.

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